Memahami Verb

Verb - Bahasa Inggris memiliki 8 part of speech, salah satunya adalah Verb atau kata kerja. Tanpa verb, sebuah kalimat tidak akan lengkap karena verb menunjukkan aksi, kejadian, atau keadaan. Oleh karena itu, memahami verb adalah kunci untuk menguasai Bahasa Inggris.

Materi ini akan membahas secara lengkap Apa itu Verb?, fungsi dan contoh, jenis-jenis Verb, hubungan dengan pronoun dan noun, hingga tenses secara singkat.

Apa itu verb?

Apa itu Verb?

Verb adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menyatakan aksi (action), keadaan (state), atau kejadian (event) dalam sebuah kalimat. Verb adalah inti dari kalimat karena memberitahu kita apa yang terjadi, siapa yang melakukannya, dan kapan terjadinya.

Fungsi Verb

• Menunjukkan aksi atau perbuatan
  Contoh: run (lari), write (menulis), play (bermain)
• Menunjukkan keadaan atau kondisi
  Contoh: be (adalah/menjadi), seem (terlihat), feel (merasa)
• Menunjukkan kejadian atau peristiwa
  Contoh: happen (terjadi), occur (muncul), change (berubah)

Contoh Verb dalam Kalimat

• I run every morning.
• She is happy today.
• The accident happened yesterday.

Hubungan Verb dan Noun

Verb selalu membutuhkan subject (biasanya berupa noun atau pronoun) untuk membentuk kalimat:

• She eats breakfast. (She = pronoun, eats = verb)
• The dog sleeps on the sofa. (The dog = noun, sleeps = verb)

Selain itu, verb juga bisa menjadi gerund jika berfungsi sebagai noun:

• Swimming is fun.
• I like reading books.

Macam-Macam Verb dalam Bahasa Inggris

Secara umum, ada beberapa jenis verb yang harus dipahami:

• Action Verb (Kata Kerja Aksi)
• Linking Verb (Kata Kerja Penghubung)
• Auxiliary Verb / Helping Verb (Kata Kerja Pembantu)
• Modal Verb (Kata Kerja Modal)
• Transitive Verb (Kata Kerja Transitif)
• Intransitive Verb (Kata Kerja Intransitif)
• Regular Verb (Kata Kerja Beraturan)
• Irregular Verb (Kata Kerja Tidak Beraturan)

Action Verb

Menunjukkan aksi atau perbuatan yang dilakukan subjek.

• run, write, eat, play, jump

Contoh kalimat:

• I write letters every day.
• They play football in the park.
• She eats breakfast at 7 a.m.
• He runs fast every morning.
• We study English at school.

Linking Verb

Menghubungkan subjek dengan predikat yang menjelaskan kondisi atau sifat subjek.

• be, seem, become, feel, appear

Contoh kalimat:

• She is a teacher.
• He seems tired.
• The weather becomes colder in winter.
• I feel happy today.
• The food appears delicious.

Hubungan antara Verb dan Pronoun

Auxiliary / Helping Verb

Membantu verb utama membentuk tenses, passive voice, atau pertanyaan.

• be, have, do

Contoh kalimat:

• She is studying now.
• They have eaten dinner.
• Do you like coffee?
• The cake was baked yesterday.
• He has been working all day.

Modal Verb

Menunjukkan kemungkinan, kemampuan, izin, atau keharusan.

• can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would

Contoh kalimat:

• I can swim very well.
• You should finish your homework.
• They might come later.
• He must wear a helmet.
• We will travel tomorrow.

Transitive Verb

Membutuhkan objek langsung untuk melengkapi maknanya.

• buy, send, make, take, read

Contoh kalimat:

• I bought a book yesterday.
• She sent an email to her friend.
• He made a cake for the party.
• They took photos at the beach.
• We read the newspaper every morning.

Intransitive Verb

Tidak membutuhkan objek.

• sleep, go, arrive, come, die

Contoh kalimat:

• He sleeps at 10 p.m.
• We go to school by bus.
• She arrived late yesterday.
• The baby cried loudly.
• My grandfather died peacefully.

Regular Verb

Membentuk past tense dan past participle dengan menambahkan -ed.

• work → worked, play → played, study → studied

Contoh kalimat:

• I worked hard yesterday.
• She played football last Sunday.
• They studied English for two hours.
• He cleaned his room yesterday.
• We watched a movie last night.

Irregular Verb

Tidak mengikuti pola -ed di past tense.

• go → went → gone, eat → ate → eaten, see → saw → seen

Contoh kalimat:

• I went to the market yesterday.
• She ate breakfast at 7 a.m.
• They have seen that movie before.
• He took my book by mistake.
• We drank coffee this morning.

Verb dan Tenses

Verb sangat erat hubungannya dengan tenses yang menunjukkan waktu aksi atau kejadian. Berikut tabel singkat 16 tenses menggunakan verb "eat":

Tense	Bentuk Verb	Contoh Kalimat
Present Simple	eat / eats	I eat rice every day.
Present Continuous	am/is/are + eating	She is eating now.
Present Perfect	have/has + eaten	We have eaten breakfast.
Present Perfect Continuous	have/has + been + eating	I have been eating since 7 a.m.
Past Simple	ate	He ate lunch yesterday.
Past Continuous	was/were + eating	They were eating when I arrived.
Past Perfect	had + eaten	I had eaten before she came.
Past Perfect Continuous	had + been + eating	She had been eating for an hour.
Future Simple	will + eat	I will eat dinner at 7.
Future Continuous	will + be + eating	We will be eating at 8.
Future Perfect	will + have + eaten	By 8, they will have eaten.
Future Perfect Continuous	will + have + been + eating	I will have been eating for 30 minutes.
Conditional Simple	would + eat	I would eat if I were hungry.
Conditional Perfect	would + have + eaten	She would have eaten if she were home.
Conditional Continuous	would + be + eating	He would be eating now if he were here.
Going-to Future	am/is/are + going to eat	I am going to eat soon.

Hubungan Verb dan Pronoun

Verb berubah bentuk tergantung pronoun, terutama dalam present simple tense:

• I go to school.
• You go to school.
• He/She/It goes to school.
• We/They go to school.

Fun Fact Bahasa Dunia

• Bahasa Jawa dan Bahasa Indonesia relatif sederhana karena tidak ada perubahan bentuk verb untuk tenses. Waktu aksi biasanya ditunjukkan dengan kata keterangan waktu.
• Bahasa Jerman dan beberapa bahasa Eropa lain lebih kompleks karena verb berubah berdasarkan subjek, tense, dan mood.

Tips Belajar Verb

• Kuasai 3 bentuk dasar verb: base form, past tense, past participle.
• Perhatikan subjek agar verb sesuai (I/You vs He/She/It).
• Latihan tenses dengan berbagai contoh kalimat.
• Pelajari verb yang sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
• Gunakan flashcards untuk menghafal irregular verbs.

Kesimpulan

Verb adalah kunci dalam Bahasa Inggris. Tanpa verb, kalimat tidak lengkap. Kamu harus memahami:

• Apa itu Verb? → kata kerja yang menunjukkan aksi, keadaan, atau kejadian.
• Jenis-jenis Verb → Action, Linking, Auxiliary, Modal, Transitive, Intransitive, Regular, Irregular.
• Hubungan dengan tenses dan pronoun → mempengaruhi bentuk verb yang digunakan.
• Gerund → verb yang bisa berubah fungsi menjadi noun.

Dengan memahami semua ini, kamu akan lebih mudah membentuk kalimat yang benar dan natural dalam Bahasa Inggris.

Tabel Lengkap Regular vs Irregular Verb (50+ Contoh)

Jenis	Base Form	Past Tense	Past Participle	Contoh Kalimat
Regular	work	worked	worked	I worked yesterday.
Regular	play	played	played	She played football last week.
Regular	study	studied	studied	We studied English for two hours.
Regular	clean	cleaned	cleaned	He cleaned his room.
Regular	watch	watched	watched	We watched a movie last night.
Regular	help	helped	helped	She helped her friend.
Regular	listen	listened	listened	I listened to music.
Regular	cook	cooked	cooked	They cooked dinner together.
Regular	call	called	called	He called his mother.
Regular	visit	visited	visited	We visited the museum.
Irregular	go	went	gone	I went to the market.
Irregular	eat	ate	eaten	She ate breakfast.
Irregular	see	saw	seen	They have seen that movie.
Irregular	take	took	taken	He took my book.
Irregular	come	came	come	She came late.
Irregular	write	wrote	written	I have written a letter.
Irregular	drink	drank	drunk	We drank coffee.
Irregular	begin	began	begun	The class began at 8 a.m.
Irregular	run	ran	run	He ran fast.
Irregular	sing	sang	sung	She sang beautifully.
Irregular	buy	bought	bought	I bought a new bag.
Irregular	bring	brought	brought	He brought snacks.
Irregular	choose	chose	chosen	We have chosen the best option.
Irregular	feel	felt	felt	I felt happy yesterday.
Irregular	find	found	found	She found her keys.
Irregular	get	got	got/gotten	They got tickets.
Irregular	have	had	had	We had lunch together.
Irregular	hear	heard	heard	I heard a noise.
Irregular	hold	held	held	She held the baby.
Irregular	know	knew	known	I knew the answer.
Irregular	leave	left	left	He left the room.
Irregular	make	made	made	She made a cake.
Irregular	meet	met	met	We met yesterday.
Irregular	pay	paid	paid	I paid the bill.
Irregular	read	read	read	She read a book.
Irregular	say	said	said	He said something important.
Irregular	sell	sold	sold	They sold their house.
Irregular	send	sent	sent	I sent an email.
Irregular	sit	sat	sat	She sat on the chair.
Irregular	sleep	slept	slept	He slept for 8 hours.
Irregular	stand	stood	stood	I stood near the window.
Irregular	swim	swam	swum	We swam in the pool.
Irregular	teach	taught	taught	She taught English.
Irregular	think	thought	thought	I thought about it.
Irregular	understand	understood	understood	He understood the lesson.
Irregular	write	wrote	written	She wrote a story.

Daftar Pustaka

• https://adifunlearning.blogspot.com
• https://www.wordsmile.com
• https://www.ef.com
• https://www.ruangguru.com
• https://www.english-academy.com