Apa itu Adverb?

Dalam Bahasa Inggris, adverb adalah kata yang memberi keterangan pada kata kerja (verb), kata sifat (adjective), adverb lain, atau bahkan seluruh kalimat. Adverb menjawab pertanyaan seperti how? (bagaimana), when? (kapan), where? (di mana), how often? (seberapa sering), dan to what extent? (seberapa). Di bawah ini kita bahas definisi, fungsi, posisi, ciri, jenis-jenis, contoh berbahasa Inggris dan terjemahannya, serta tabel 100 adverb populer.

Definisi dan Fungsi Adverb

adverb

Definisi: Adverb adalah kata yang memodifikasi (memberi informasi tambahan kepada) verba, adjektiva, adverb lain, atau klausa/kalimat. Adverb juga adalah salah satu dari part of speech. 

Fungsi utama:

• Menjelaskan cara (manner): how she sings — bagaimana dia bernyanyi
• Menunjukkan waktu (time): when we left — kapan kita pergi
• Menentukan tempat (place): where he waits — di mana dia menunggu
• Memberi tahu frekuensi (frequency): how often — seberapa sering
• Menentukan derajat atau intensitas (degree): very, quite — sangat, cukup

Posisi Adverb dalam Kalimat

• Adverb of Manner biasanya setelah verb atau setelah object: She spoke softly.
• Adverb of Time sering di akhir kalimat atau awal untuk penekanan: We will leave tomorrow.
• Adverb of Place biasanya setelah verb atau object: Put it here.
• Adverb of Frequency biasanya sebelum main verb tapi setelah to be: He often visits. / He is often late.
• Adverb of Degree (very, quite) biasanya sebelum adjective atau adverb: It is very cold.

Ciri Khusus Adverb

• Banyak adverb dibentuk dengan tambahan -ly pada adjective (quick → quickly), tetapi tidak semua adverb berakhiran -ly (contoh: fast, well, very).
• Beberapa kata bisa berfungsi ganda sebagai adverb atau adjective (contoh: fast — "a fast car" (adj) vs "he runs fast" (adv)).
• Urutan adverb bila beberapa hadir: manner → place → time sering dianggap natural: She sang beautifully at the concert yesterday.

Hubungan antara Verb dan Adverb

Adverb memodifikasi verb; mereka menjelaskan bagaimana, kapan, di mana, atau seberapa sering aksi berlangsung. Perubahan posisi adverb kadang mengubah fokus atau arti:

Contoh:

• He carefully opened the box. — Dia membuka kotak itu dengan hati-hati.
• He opened the box carefully. — Dia membuka kotak itu dengan hati-hati (lebih netral secara struktur).

Hubungan antara Adjective dan Adverb

Adjective memodifikasi noun; adverb memodifikasi adjective (dan verb). Untuk mengubah adjective menjadi adverb sering tambahkan -ly:

• She is careful. → Dia berhati-hati. (adjective)
• She acts carefully. → Dia bertindak dengan hati-hati. (adverb)

Catatan: tidak semua adjective bisa ditransformasikan ke bentuk -ly tanpa perubahan arti; contoh good → well (bukan *goodly*).

Jenis-Jenis Adverb dan Contohnya

1. Adverb of Manner (cara)

Menjawab: How?

• quickly — She runs quickly. / Dia berlari dengan cepat.
• slowly — He walked slowly. / Dia berjalan pelan.
• carefully — Please drive carefully. / Tolong berkendara dengan hati-hati.
• loudly — The kids laughed loudly. / Anak-anak tertawa keras.
• barely — She barely touched the food. / Dia nyaris tidak menyentuh makanannya.

2. Adverb of Time (waktu)

• now — I am leaving now. / Saya pergi sekarang.
• tomorrow — We will meet tomorrow. / Kita akan bertemu besok.
• yesterday — She arrived yesterday. / Dia tiba kemarin.
• already — He has already eaten. / Dia sudah makan.
• soon — The show will start soon. / Pertunjukan akan segera dimulai.

3. Adverb of Place (tempat)

• here — Come here. / Datanglah ke sini.
• there — Put it there. / Taruh di sana.
• everywhere — People searched everywhere. / Orang mencari ke mana-mana.
• inside — Stay inside. / Tetap di dalam.
• outside — They waited outside. / Mereka menunggu di luar.

4. Adverb of Frequency (frekuensi)

• always — She always arrives early. / Dia selalu datang lebih awal.
• often — I often read before bed. / Saya sering membaca sebelum tidur.
• usually — They usually take a bus. / Mereka biasanya naik bus.
• rarely — He rarely eats sweets. / Dia jarang makan manisan.
• sometimes — Sometimes we forget. / Kadang-kadang kami lupa.

5. Adverb of Degree (derajat)

• very — The film was very interesting. / Film itu sangat menarik.
• quite — She is quite tall. / Dia cukup tinggi.
• too — It is too hot today. / Hari ini terlalu panas.
• almost — He almost fell. / Dia hampir jatuh.
• completely — The room is completely clean. / Ruangan itu benar-benar bersih.

6. Adverb of Certainty (kepastian)

• certainly — I will certainly come. / Saya pasti akan datang.
• probably — They will probably win. / Mereka kemungkinan besar menang.
• definitely — She definitely knows. / Dia benar-benar tahu.
• surely — Surely you remember. / Pasti kamu ingat.
• perhaps — Perhaps he is late. / Mungkin dia terlambat.

Tabel Ringkas Posisi Adverb

Jenis Adverb	Posisi Umum	Contoh (EN)	Contoh (ID)
Manner	Setelah verb / object	She sang beautifully.	Dia bernyanyi dengan indah.
Time	Akhir / Awal kalimat	We left yesterday.	Kami pergi kemarin.
Place	Setelah verb / object	They live nearby.	Mereka tinggal di dekat sini.
Frequency	Sebelum main verb (kecuali “to be”)	He often cooks.	Dia sering memasak.
Degree	Sebelum adjective/adverb	She is very kind.	Dia sangat baik.

Contoh Paragraf Adverb dalam Konteks

English: She usually wakes up early and quickly prepares breakfast. Then, she carefully packs her bag and leaves the house at 7:30. She often takes a short walk to the bus stop nearby.
Indonesia: Dia biasanya bangun pagi dan dengan cepat menyiapkan sarapan. Kemudian, dia dengan hati-hati mengemas tasnya dan meninggalkan rumah pukul 7:30. Dia sering berjalan sebentar ke halte bus di dekatnya.

100 Adverb Paling Populer dalam Percakapan

No.	Adverb	No.	Adverb	No.	Adverb
1	very	2	really	3	quite
4	too	5	just	6	already
7	still	8	yet	9	now
10	then	11	soon	12	later
13	today	14	tomorrow	15	yesterday
16	here	17	there	18	everywhere
19	nowhere	20	nearby	21	inside
22	outside	23	away	24	back
25	forward	26	backward	27	up
28	down	29	together	30	alone
31	soon	32	finally	33	eventually
34	immediately	35	quickly	36	slowly
37	carefully	38	hard	39	hardly
40	barely	41	almost	42	completely
43	totally	44	absolutely	45	especially
46	particularly	47	mainly	48	mostly
49	generally	50	usually	51	often
52	frequently	53	regularly	54	occasionally
55	rarely	56	never	57	always
58	sometimes	59	probably	60	possibly
61	definitely	62	certainly	63	surely
64	perhaps	65	maybe	66	actually
67	literally	68	figuratively	69	simply
70	quick	71	fast	72	well
73	poorly	74	badly	75	easily
76	hardly	77	deeply	78	lightly
79	politely	80	rudely	81	nicely
82	fairly	83	rather	84	elsewhere
85	abroad	86	home	87	today
88	tonight	89	again	90	once
91	twice	92	ahead	93	behind
94	else	95	anyway	96	however
97	therefore	98	meanwhile	99	additionally
100	indeed

Tips Praktis Belajar Adverb

• Perhatikan posisi: praktikkan menaruh adverb di berbagai posisi dan pelajari perbedaan arti/fokus.
• Belajar kelompok: kuasai adverb menurut jenis (manner, time, place, frequency, degree) agar mudah mengingat.
• Gunakan dalam kalimat nyata: buat 5–10 kalimat setiap adverb baru.
• Perhatikan kata yang berubah bentuk (adjective → adverb dengan -ly) dan pengecualian (good → well).

Kesimpulan

Adverb adalah bagian penting untuk membuat kalimat Inggris menjadi lebih jelas dan kaya informasi. Dengan memahami jenis, posisi, dan fungsinya, kamu bisa menulis dan berbicara dengan nuansa yang tepat. Latihan membuat sempurna: tulislah paragraf singkat dan tambahkan minimal tiga adverb berbeda pada setiap kalimat untuk melihat efeknya.

Sumber & Referensi

(Link mati sesuai permintaan)
https://www.grammarbook.com
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com
https://www.cambridge